Essay about The Physics of Pitching - 1276 Words

The Physics of Pitching I remember one time going out to the mound to talk with Bob Gibson. He told me to get back behind the batter, that the only thing I knew about pitching was it was hard to hit. ... Tim McCarver, St. Louis Cardinals catcher, 1972. Most people do not understand pitching, the mechanics, the situations and the how’s and why’s. Today we are going to talk about a few of these. When most people think of pitching they think of a person hurling a 5 oz. ball with 216 red stitches as hard as they can from 60’6†. Well they are right, but there is so much more to it. When I looked at pitching I saw situations, fastballs, curveballs, and change-ups. When physics was introduced to me I saw much more to baseball. I see†¦show more content†¦This whole wind-up is an inelastic process where kinetic energy is lost in the form of the ball leaving the hand. So we have this transfer of energy from the body to the ball. The ball leaves the hand on a 90 mph fastball at 97 mph. There is definitely a transfer of energy as the ball is in motion. Newton’s third law states; for every action on an object there will always be an equal and opposite force exerted by that object. This beckons the question of what forces act against a ball? There are 3 forces acting upon a ball once it is released; velocity, drag, and gravity all act upon the ball. Here’s how, velocity is the force pushing it forward it is generated by the person throwing the ball, drag is the air resistance which pushes back against the velocity, and gravity which is constant and pushes the ball down against the upward velocity. Those forces for sure are slowing the pitch, yet it is not an equal force of the energy but into a pitch. When a bat connects with a ball there is a collision and a transfer of energy. When the ball makes it to the catcher then there is another collision and energy is conserved. In a nutshell here is the transfer of energy, a pitcher puts a force on a baseball, the baseball travels through the air with air resistance, gravity, and velocity acting upon the ball, when the ball travels 60’ it will transfer its energy completely by either being hit or being caught by theShow MoreRelatedRole of Physics in Sports1180 Words   |  5 Pagesbatting, and fielding will be presented in physics terms and ideas. Physics plays a big role in sports. One particular sport is softball, where we will be seeing different motions represented. First, we are going to look at the two different types of throwing. There is the regular over-hand throw and there is also the pitching style. When looking at the regular over-hand throw and the pitching style of throwing, many of the same concepts apply to both. In pitching, there are three main issues involvedRead MoreBiomechanics Of Pitching A Ball With Tremendous Velocity And Accuracy728 Words   |  3 PagesBiomechanics Of Pitching What do biomechanics and pitching have in common? Pitching a ball with tremendous velocity and accuracy is extremely difficult. The action depends on how the pitcher controls and uses his body to thrust the ball from his hand. â€Å"Biomechanics is the sport science field that applies the laws of mechanics and physics to human performance in order to gain a greater understanding of performance in athletic events through modeling, simulation, and measurement.† (Wood, 2010, pRead MoreComputers in Sports1195 Words   |  5 Pagesis that there are ways to help bowlers become better bowlers and batsmen become better hitters. And computers are important in making this happen. Cricket players from the major leagues down to city and school teams can now have their batting and pitching analyzed. First, the player’s movements are videotaped. Then, these videotaped images are transferred into a computer. Special application software analyzes the images. It measures the exact angle at which the player is holding his arms and legsRead MoreAerodynamics of a Baseball1424 Words   |  6 Pages- Cl for the baseball was finely determined by high speed photography of the flight of a pitched ball in many laboratories. The motion of the ball through the air depends on the relative strength and direction of the forces. We will look at the pitching of a curve ball. The curve ball problem involves all three forces with an additional force called the Magnus force. This force is a lift force generated from the spinning of the baseball produces the side force that causes the ball to curve. HoweverRead MoreStatment of Intents for MS Program in Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering 1446 Words   |  6 Pageswasn’t enough, the child in me always dreamt of doing a space-walk someday. Like for any other student, fascination became one of the key things to drive me toward majoring in science in my Higher Secondary Education. I was always interested in the physics of things- right from the time that I had made my first completely-mechanical seismograph in school to the time I made an Ornithopter in college, it was always a delight to see how a simple set of physical laws (re-write ‘governing equations’) attributeRead More Physics of Golf Essay3710 Words   |  15 Pagesis constantly being taken to higher and higher levels. In fact, technology now allows golf equipment so precise and accurate, that many people believe it requires less skill to be a really exceptional golfer. As technology and the study of physics progresses, only newer and better equipment will be produced. This is why a line must be drawn between technology and the skills of today’s players. 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Writing Self-Reflection Essay - 716 Words

As a writer I am like a muscle. This quarter has been a workout of personal growth. I have really learned to enjoy the writing process and the workout of just writing. When I started the course I had not worked out in such a long time. My muscles had started dystrophy they were weak. My muscles had had never been worked out like this before. I had no real understanding how to work them out. Or where to go once I had started to work out. Now I have a drive to work out every day. I have fallen in lust with where my muscles (writing) are taking me. The ability to just flex now for fun and show what I can do makes me happy. This quarter has been a workout of personal growth. The quarter’s assignments have varied just as much as the work†¦show more content†¦The paper was on a cultural change. It did not have nearly the same challenge as I had in the earlier workouts. This paper covered the change we are seeing as people move from printed books to E-readers. The most recent paper was the problem solution paper. This was another hard workout. In the past most papers I had written were centered on arguing a point. It was a different to have to provide a solution within the paper. I have really learned to enjoy the writing process and the workout of just writing. In the past year I have avoided working out (writing papers) completely. As a new year’s resolution I decided that I needed to start reading more. This was just a choice I made to work out a little bit for my own time. I because of the class I have started writing on my own time. Pushing my muscles to the point of pain, these journal entries and free writings that I am doing are just workouts for the fun of it. When I started the course I had not worked out in such a long time. My muscles had started dystrophy they were weak. The last real paper I had to write was almost four years ago. I didn’t know what is meant to truly have a through workout for some time. 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A Review and Evaluation of Current Weight Control/Loss Interventions Free Essays

There is much debate regarding the most effective method of treating obesity. Most of the research has been done on adults; however, research is increasingly being done on children and adolescents as the prevalence of obesity in this population increases. Treatment of obesity includes many different methods, including various dietary, exercise, and behavioral interventions, medication, and surgery. We will write a custom essay sample on A Review and Evaluation of Current Weight Control/Loss Interventions or any similar topic only for you Order Now A study by Barlow, Trowbridge, Klish, and Dietz (2002) looked at various interventions recommended to overweight children and adolescents by different health care providers. The most common interventions recommended by health care providers included changes in eating patterns and limiting specific foods. Less frequently recommended interventions were low-fat diets and modest calorie restrictions. Very infrequently recommended interventions were very low-calorie diets and commercial diets. Several health care providers also listed â€Å"fruit and vegetables,† â€Å"portion control,† â€Å"increase water,† â€Å"fiber,† and â€Å"learn to determine hunger and fullness levels† as other interventions that they recommended. In the adolescent population, the most frequently recommended dietary intervention by all types of health care providers questioned was â€Å"limiting specific foods.† All types of health care providers were also highly likely to recommend increasing physical activity and limiting sedentary behaviors as physical activity interventions. Very few health care providers recommended medication, appetite suppressants, herbal remedies, or weight loss surgery. The current consensus is that the most effective weight loss and maintenance treatment includes a combination of caloric restriction, increased physical activity, and behavioral therapy, with extended treatment contact, weight loss satisfaction, and social support contributing to positive long-term outcomes in both obese adults and children (Williamson Stewart, 2005). Diets and Problems Associated with Dieting The increased pressure to alleviate the obesity epidemic led to a boom in the dieting industry. Twenty-five percent of men and 45% of women are currently trying to lose weight, equating to about 71 million Americans (Newstarget.com, 2005). In 1996, consumers spent $70 billion annually in health care costs, and an additional $33 billion per year, trying to lose weight or prevent the return of weight gain (Chatzky, 2002). In 2004, those values rose to $100 billion spent annually on health-care cost, and the US weight loss market value rose to $46.3 billion annually (Newstarget.com, 2005). Dieting products and services range from $1.29 for Slim-Fast bars up to $25,000 for gastric bypass (Chatzky, 2002) with the number of bariatric surgeries totaling about 140,000 procedures in 2003 (Newstarget.com, 2005). Sales of over-the-counter diet and herbal supplements totaled $16.8 billion in 2000 (Kane, 2001) and are expected to grow 11.5% to approximated $703 million by 2008 (NewsTarget.com, 2008). Diet drugs have been around for over 35 years but became generally accepted in the medical community by the early 1990’s. The FDA has approved several treatments as clinically safe (i.e. sibutramine and orlistat) for those individuals with a BMI 30 or BMI 27-29 with one or more obesity related co-morbidity (ADA, 1997). There are amphetamine-like derivates available for short-term use but weight gain often occurs once discontinued. The risks associated with obesity drugs are neurotoxicity, primary pulmonary hypertension, and becoming reliant on the medication as opposed to making desired healthy lifestyle changes (ADA, 2002). Many of the overthecounter products have no proven efficacy or short- or long-term weight loss (ADA, 2002). Many Americans have turned to various dieting methods as weight control measures, leading to the ‘yo-yo’ dieting affect, ultimately contributing to the ever-increasing obesity rates. Commercial structured programs, such as Weight Watchers, Jenny Craig and LA Weight Loss, are common approaches followed due to their convenience and support system. It is estimated that 7.1 million American frequent these commercial weight loss centers and their revenues are expected to grow 11% to $2 billion annually by 2008 (Newstarget.com, 2008). Miller (1999) performed a study to examine the history and effectiveness of diet and exercise in obesity therapy and to determine the best approach for future interventions. He summarized the dieting trends throughout the years with the initial strategy of the late 1950s to early 1960s focused on total fasting, which brought about quick weight loss but also increased risk of death due to serious loss of lean muscle mass and electrolytes. By the late 1960s to early 1970s, the emergence of the high protein/low carbohydrate diets became popular. These involved a diet with 5-10% of energy calories from carbohydrate and a resultant high fat content (50-70% of calories) which relied on the high protein foods to minimize muscle catabolism and the low carbohydrate level to maintain a state of ketosis to theoretically increase fat burning (Miller 1999). The side effects ranged from nausea, hyperuricemia, fatigue and refeeding edema. In the mid 1970s, the trend shifted towards very low calorie liquid diets (VLCD) with ~300-400 kcal/day, which caused obvious weight loss through muscle catabolism and water release. The FDA terminated the use of this diet since ventricular arrhythmias resulted in 58 deaths. In the 1980s, the VLCD made a revival but at the level of 450-500 kcal/day, with fat content of ~2-18% of total calories, and up to 800 kcal/day for those individuals who were more active. Gallbladder disease and cardiac problems surfaced as side effects of this diet (Miller 1999). The low calorie commercial franchised programs such as Jenny Craig and Nutri/Systems arose in the 1980s as well. Meals were pre-packaged with ~1100-1200 kcal/day with the breakdown of energy approximately at 20% from protein, 20% from fat and 60% from carbohydrate. These programs found improved compliance compared to the VLCD, however a similar health risk was found to negatively impact the heart. Since the 1980s, numerous dieting books have hit the stores with many best sellers (i.e. Pritkins and Fit for Life). Despite the increased dieting trends, Miller (1999) noted that the NHANES determined the percentage of fat from kilocalories has dropped in the American diet but total energy has increased, particularly from refined or added sugars in the diet; in addition, obese individuals tend to consume less dietary fiber. Most people have attempted more than one diet method in their weight loss attempts with the average attempting a new method twice a year (FTC, 1997). Miller (1999) found that over the past 40 years, most dieting techniques cycle in and out of popularity and that many are actually hazardous to the health. Miller summarized that the scientific community data indicated that a 15-week diet or diet plus exercise program led to a weight loss of about 11 kg in which 60-80% of the weight lost was kept off after one year, although most studies had limited long-term follow-up data and those available suggest that relapse to pre-diet weight typically occurred after 3-5 years. Many of the diets were difficult to assess due to their high dropout rates (some as high as 80%). Nutrition education and behavior modification programs, to include community education programs, worksite interventions, and home correspondence courses, typically resulted in ~10 kg weight loss with a 33% and 95% post-diet weight relapse at three and five years respectively. The commercial weight loss industry supplied little data over the last two decades, with much of it proclaimed scientifically inadequate due to small sample size, high dropout rates, poor study design and inadequate follow-up periods. Of the physician-directed programs, most did not result in a desired weight loss but better control of some of the co-morbidities associated with obesity (diabetes, CVD, etc.) (FTC, 1997). How to cite A Review and Evaluation of Current Weight Control/Loss Interventions, Papers